Critical Review of Reappraising Cognitive Styles

This research is based on empirical user trial data and a sophisticated analysis. It tries to evaluate the validity of applying visual-verbal preferences to an adaptive web-based educational system (AWBES) by examining user trials of a case study. Previous researches are either focused on pragmatic applications or based on inadequate sample sizes.This research goes beyond former ones by employing user trials to collect critical data and directly raising the core question of the effectiveness of the method. However, the flaws in method setting, data analysis, ambiguity in details and the claimed result put in doubt the conclusions suggested by the study. Method/Procedure In this research, students were firstly labeled as visual, verbal and bimodal learners through a computer test, and then put into groups with learning contents either matched, or deliberately mismatched, or neutral to their learning styles.Then tudents' academic performances were compared to see the significance of di fferences between groups. Questions were raised when the researchers excluded the verbal users from the statistical analysis due to the extremely small sample size (n=11). The study is supposed to examine three cognitive styles (visual, verbal, bimodal); therefore without the data of the verbal group, the study is incomplete. The study method is further impaired by two questionable grouping methods. The first questionable method states, â€Å"Neutral students were given a mix of visual and verbal ontent, irrespective of their learning style† (p. 30). If a bimodal user is randomly placed in a neutral group and given mixed content, then he will actually receive content matching his learning style. Therefore, since he will end up in given content matching his learning style, it will be more appropriate tor the student to be placed in the matched group. Furthermore, both the matched group and neutral group have the same bimodal users given neutral contents. This leads to a doubt: the study result which shows insignificant academic differences might be from the similarity of he group members rather than from the invalidity of the utilization.The second questionable method states, â€Å"Mismatched students were given content that was contrary to their learning style† (p. 330). If bimodal users are placed in the mismatched group, what content should be provided to them? Neither visual nor verbal content would be appropriate since they are both partially matched and partially mismatched to a bimodal user; and the neutral content would be inappropriate either, since it matches the bimodal user's cognitive style and ends up eing against the definition of the mismatched group.A table which illustrates the quantities of three cognitive-styled students distributed into matched/ mismatched/ neutral could help clarify the grouping method. The computer test which distributed students into cognitive groups should employ details and examples of the test and the sc oring system to clarify the fairness of the test. As for sampling, the sample size should be adequately enlarged to include an effective verbal sample; the post-secondary students are a biased group which can't meet the variety of people.The learning module should be studied to see whether it is biased to/against any group/learning style. The quantity of excluded seldom-participating student should be mentioned to allow an exact sample size in the study. Experiment Results The insignificant mean differences in Table2 to Table6 reject hypothesises 1, 2 and 3. As for hypothesis 4, in order to reject it, the authors should clarity why one mean difference (67. 5-60. 0=7. 5) is greater than half of the related standard deviation (1 1. 56112=5. 78) in Table 7, which compares visual, neutral and verbal groups.The explanation, â€Å"upon testing these statistically, there is actually no significance between them† (p. 333) is ambiguous. Thus, the mean differences are not unanimously c onsistent with the result claimed by the authors that neither the cognitive styles of students nor contents differentiated by the styles contribute to make significant differences in students' academic performance. The p values from the statistical analysis (p=. 62, p=. 63, p=. 67) are substantially greater than the low p value (less than . 05; or better less than . 01).The high p values raise the question that the sample selection might lack diversity, and may then further affected the result of the study. Discussion The authors' conclusion that matched/ mismatched learning materials don't contribute to students' learning effect, is not consistent with the aforeclaimed conclusion which concerns the effect of visual and bimodal styles of students and contents. The authors' psychological conclusion that cognitive styles per se are not a validate means of personalising the learning experience is not completely consistent ith the result which only concerns visual and bimodal styles.

High school Essay

In ancient India, schools were in the form of Gurukuls. Gurukuls were traditional Hindu residential schools of learning; typically the teacher’s house or a monastery. During the Mughal rule, Madrasahs were introduced in India to educate the children of Muslim parents. British records show that indigenous education was widespread in the 18th century, with a school for every temple, mosque or village in most regions of the country. The subjects taught included Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, Theology, Law, Astronomy, Metaphysics, Ethics, Medical Science and Religion. Under the British rule in India, Christian missionaries from England, USA and other countries established missionary and boarding schools throughout the country. Later as these schools gained in popularity, more were started and some gained prestige. These schools marked the beginning of modern schooling in India and the syllabus and calendar they followed became the benchmark for schools in modern India. Today most of the schools follow the missionary school model in terms of tutoring, subject / syllabus, governance etc.with minor changes. Schools in India range from schools with large campuses with thousands of students and hefty fees to schools where children are taught under a tree with a small / no campus and are totally free of cost. There are various boards of schools in India, namely Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE), Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE), Madrasa Boards of various states, Matriculation Boards of various states, State Boards of various boards, Anglo Indian Board, and so on. The typical syllabus today includes Language(s), Mathematics, Science – Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Geography, History, General Knowledge, Information Technology / Computer Science etc.. Extra curricular activities include physical education / sports and cultural activities like music, choreography, painting, theater / drama etc.

How Technology is Changing the Face of Business Today 1 Assignment

How Technology is Changing the Face of Business Today 1 - Assignment Example Therefore, the most critical business processes that largely use information system in Coca Cola Company include customer service and communication. In retrospect, productivity is improved because employees perform their roles and responsibilities with ease when dealing with customers. Additionally, efficiency and transparency is increased when information systems are constantly used in conducting business particularly in issues of marketing (Abrams, 2003). Overall, production processes remain the greatest beneficiary of new technology platforms used by Coca Cola. In Coca Cola Company, IT is the driving force that makes business process faster, cheaper, and more accurate. This is through new communication formats that are easy to manage between the clients and the management. For example, the use of social media forums, text messaging, and teleconferencing ensures that customer-savvy customers are better in selecting their preferred goods and services (Roberts, 2011). It also improves their choices and decisions when giving a feedback or

The Question Of Obesity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Question Of Obesity - Essay Example The answer is of course, no. The road to a healthy mind in a healthy body is just being moderate in the food we consume. When one says â€Å"junk food,† one thinks of juicy, meaty hamburgers, cheeseburgers, deep-fried French fries, ice creams with tons of chocolate in them, cookies and cakes, etc. And this is exactly what McDonald’s offers: delicious junk food. The history of this widely renowned franchise is long and vast. It has been in public service ever since 1940, and as they claim, they’ve â€Å"managed not just to live history, but to create it.† They have come a long way from drive-thru restaurants which offered just hamburgers and Coca-Cola and have developed into the largest chain of hamburger food restaurants, serving more than 58 million customers daily. In addition, they provide the customers with a chart that shows detailed nutritional information on their menu items, plus ingredient and allergen information. Their aim is to supply its consumers with quality food to balance busy lives. Now, the question of living a healthy lifestyle is all about what to consume and what to steer clear of. With regular exercise and having a strong character, one need not lock his cupboard in fear of eating everything sweet, greasy or fattening there is inside. The same thing is with McDonald’s. If you feel like having a hamburger every once in a while, by all means, treat yourself to one. Because there is nothing worse than denying yourself something you crave for. We should feel free to indulge in a Premium Crispy Chicken Club Sandwich, a Grilled Chipotle Barbecue Snack Wrap, a Double Quarter Pounder with Cheese or a Big N’ Tasty with Cheese. And, we should top it off with Coca-Cola, Minute Maid Orange Juice or Vanilla Triple Thick Shake.

Stress Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Stress Management - Assignment Example The responses to the stressor depict the developmental stages of these family members (Gradus et al., 2014). In perspective, the son is in early childhood development stage while the husband is in the old age stage. On the other hand, the daughter is middle-aged and the patient is in the adulthood stage of development. The RN determines whether the defense mechanism is harmful or helpful through the analyzing the symptoms of the client. For instance, in the denial stage, the client might start to act negatively like withdrawal from the public. Nursing diagnosis The mother is facing a risk for the post-trauma syndrome and it is emanating from the loss of her felinity coupled with social discrimination. The symptoms are grieving over her femininity loss. The husband is having a difficult time to cope with the family stress (Gradus et al., 2014). The ineffective coping comes from the family image due to the loss of femininity of the wife and symptoms are engaging in religious activities to cover up the family’s image. Further, the daughter is suffering from the readiness to enhance the family coping strategies. The situation comes up from the mother’s state and she wants to help her cope with the mastectomy stress. The case has characteristics of overindulging in her mother’s activities as a mechanism to help her cope. Moreover, the son has ineffective denial whereby he fails to agree to the mother’s situation and gets characterized by total refusal to concede to his mother’s situation.

BIOTECHNOLOGY Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BIOTECHNOLOGY - Coursework Example Human cloning in its most basic form is the act of taking one individual and making an exact biological replica of that organism (Genetic Science Learning Center, 2013). Dolly the Sheep was conceived and born into the world; however she suffered from a few health conditions, including rapid aging, which ultimately claimed her life at half the life span of a normal sheep. This means that cloning does come with the some obvious and unavoidable side effects that cannot go unaddressed. At the same time, it, also, offers some amazing potential benefits that cannot be ignored. For this reason, the debate over cloning of any living thing will remain ever-present for some time to come. Cloning is at the top of the list of potential biotechnological advances. Given the provided definition of biotechnologies, cloning, ultimately, fits in nicely with that definition. Cloning could provide means to treat illness, eliminate the need for unrelated organ donors, and better the medical futures of generations of people. Some researchers believe that cloning of animal and plant life could be the solution to hunger; not only can the numbers be forcibly produced, but disease and weaknesses can be bred out. It is human beings stepping into the role of creator and providing themselves with what they â€Å"need.† In this case, it is the ability to develop clones of living people for whatever endeavors that they see fit. This may allow human beings, particularly, to breed for desired traits and eliminate those that are not; they may even be able to inbreed resistance to certain diseases. It could, also, be beneficial for people unable to produce offspring of their own; inf ertility could be completely overridden (Oak, 2011).The potential positive outcomes are inviting. However, there are side effects that are far less attractive. There is the possibility of misuse of the technology, of course. There are the concerns involving the limiting of genetic

Quality Management and Accountability (SLP) Module 5 Essay

Quality Management and Accountability (SLP) Module 5 - Essay Example The initiation phase of the program is concerned with execution and recording of the program progress. This prompts the team to check progress and compare with the program’s objectives and goals. If any of the objectives are not met or the processes do not conform to the program goal, the acting-stage calls for evaluation and correction. In case, if corrections are inevitable, the process of program quality improvement may be recalled to access its viability (Kennedy, et al. 2011). In the healthcare program, steps to address quality assurance coincide with best practice and are therefore specific in addressing the programs goals. The steps outlined below comply with National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) standards and specifications: Limited knowledge-based resources have impacted quality of services within the healthcare setting. Knowledge management within the sector is based on access to information on a timely manner and availability of real-time support resources. Financial breakthroughs in the management of programs and associated activities limit the propensity of the healthcare sector to be viable. Increasingly, information systems for the management of knowledge database continue to evolve fast thus requiring regular human capital investment. The assessment of accountability for quality assurance services is ensured by measuring the interaction of personnel and focus on the program’s objectives and goals. The process of assessment includes identification of organizational, interpersonal, and intrapersonal conflicts and creating a committee to address them. Identification of each practitioner’s core competencies and their levels of information access is an essential assessment approach (Larson & Muller, 2002). Measures to ensure that the program employees provide quality services include provision of basic and professional education on ethics and program tasks. Access to information systems is guaranteed in order to

Manufacturing Engineering Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Manufacturing Engineering - Lab Report Example SafetySince the device may be improperly used and safety of a machinery is the key concern during its functionality; a safety factor of 1.5 was factored in all the calculations. 2.2 InexpensiveThe device must be produced within a strict budget by sourcing for cheap local materials according to the bill of quantities.2.3 Design EvolutionThe first concept generation was accomplished by creating an itemization of the design into the following functional and movable elements; pipes, chains and the support system.The team had a brainstorming session, whereby it was agreed that only the top rated materials will be considered for each functional component in order to develop an alpha design. The criteria for selecting components were based on the cost of the material and its manufacturability.3.0 Engineering AnalysisThe engineering fields that are applicable to the design process are statics, dynamics and materials. The appropriate basics and ideas from statics and dynamics are Newtonâ€⠄¢s law, bending moments, torque and friction. For materials mostly on the pipes and chains, the applicable properties are: fracture toughness, Young’s modulus, corrosion, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength.Newton’s Second law, was necessary to calculate the forces that will be applied to the support while the chain moves up and down while lifting an object. The bending moments, of the motor was calculated to ensure the mechanism does not degrade rapidly and maintain the factor of safety.

MGT 501 Mod 2 Case assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MGT 501 Mod 2 Case assignment - Essay Example The most notable of the report is that not even Facebook or Apple made it to the list. Google has committed human resource team whose only job is to work on keeping employees happy. Irrespective of such extreme attention on the retention policies, Google still loses their workforce to Facebook or other bigger companies. But, the employee turnover rate of Google is comparatively less than that of the rival companies. For an organization, it is not just important that they have clear mission and goals. It is also important that they reach at all levels of the organization. This is exactly what we will analyze with the case of Google’s ranking. The difference in Google compared to that of other companies is that the employees are equally aware about the mission and goals of the company while in many other companies it is just the top management that are aware about the mission. In Google, the employees strive towards achieving the organizational goals. The work and leisure enviro nment at Google is considered to be the best in the industry. The essay will begin by analyzing how the job satisfaction and motivation of people at Google are influenced by its corporate values and goals concerning employees, customers and business. The essay will finally conclude by suggesting whether this business model can be adopted by every organization or not. Corporate Values and Goals Values and Goals Concerning Employees: â€Å"A company with employees aligned on goals for the future is able to reach those accomplishments faster.† (Frost, 2013) The same is true in the case of Google. Google’s value and goals concerning the employees are one of the best in the industry. Google’s values consist of 10 things that the company charted in the initial years of formation of the company. The company still holds on to those 10 values. The one point that focuses on employee values is ‘You can be serious without a suit.’ (Google, 2013a) Google’ s approach to employees is unlike the traditional organizations. Google believes that work should be fun for the employees. Google’s work culture is employee friendly compared to many other organizations. In fact, Google believes that it is the proper work culture that brings out the best from an employee. Google values the ability of the employees over their experience. For proper employee motivation and job satisfaction, the freedom to share opinions and ideas is very much essential. In Google, each and every employee gets the opportunity to be a significant contributor to the objectives of the organization. They have good say in the objectives of the organization. At the weekly meetings, employees have the freedom to shoot questions even to Larry and Sergey. It is not just the monetary benefits that motivate an employee. Almost all theories related to motivation and job satisfaction says that participation of employees in decision making will lead to higher employee motiva tion. (Ezinearticles, 2013) Similarly, a good work culture is also essential in job satisfaction and improving employee morale. This theory holds true in the case of Google. Due to its extreme focus on enabling an employee friendly work culture, Google was able to be ranked as one of the best companies to work for. It also has one of the

Wars and Interest Rates in the United Kingdom, Essay

Wars and Interest Rates in the United Kingdom, - Essay Example The classical approach takes investment to be a function of interest rate directly whiles the Keynesians economists note this relationship to be a product of multiplier effect (Mankiw 73). There is significant evidence that the UK economy in the 1920s was emphatic on the desire to maintain the value of Sterling at its pre-war level of $4.86. This political move survived during the war but at the end US dollar gained prominence leading to significant inflation. It is explained that inflation affects interest rates since it raises general prices of goods and services. The case of United Kingdom during the specified period that was marred with war gives a clear picture of the influence of interest rate in the aggregate economic direction of the country. Macroeconomic policies on fixed exchange rate policy indicated that fiscal instruments are at play. Mankiw generally discusses the significance of interest rate in determining level of investment and subsequent rate of economic

Ethics of Compliance Southwest Essay Example for Free

Ethics of Compliance Southwest Essay The purpose of this paper is to present, discuss, and examine the topic of ethical and social responsibility. It will discuss Southwest Airlines failure to comply with the Federal Aviation Administrations rules on inspecting aircraft and what violations occurred. On March 6, 2008, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inspectors submitted documents to the United States Congress, alleging that Southwest allowed 117 of its aircraft to fly carrying passengers despite the fact that the planes were not airworthy according to air safety investigators. In some cases, the planes were allowed to fly for up to 30 months after the inspection deadlines had passed, rendering them unfit to fly. Records indicate that thousands of passengers were flown on aircraft deemed unsafe by federal standards. Clearly, this is an issue tied to social responsibility and ethics at the highest level, ignoring the safety inspections put peoples lives in jeopardy. This situation actually began in 1988, when an Aloha Airlines Boeing 737 suffered an accident that killed a flight attendant. The top of the planes fuselage tore off, opening up a large section of the planes roof, killing the flight attendant. The accident occurred because of cracks in the planes fuselage. Since then, the FAA has required regular inspections of 737 fuselages to ensure an accident like this does not occur again. In 2007, two FAA inspectors began to question documentation and inspections at Southwest Airlines. They had reason to be concerned, because they felt their concerns were being ignored, and their supervisor was not investigating their complaints. FAA inspectors Bobby Boutris and Douglas Peters testified before Congress about their experiences, and asked for whistleblower status, meaning they could not be fired from their jobs because of their testimony. Boutris was the first to question records kept by Southwest about airplane inspections. In 2003, he was in charge of inspecting engines for the 737, and he could validate the Southwests reports. He told an NPR Radio reporter, I had found a lot of inconsistencies with the records, Boutris says. They were different from aircraft to aircraft; it was very hard to determine compliance' (Goodwyn, 2008). He notes that he complained to his supervisor, Douglas Gawadzinski, but he ignored Boutris complaints. In 2006, Boutris took over safety responsibility for the entire 737-700 series aircraft, and when he reviewed Southwest, he found the same recordkeeping problems he had uncovered in 2003. He notified his supervisor and wanted to send a letter of investigation, again his supervisor G awadzinski refused to acknowledge his concerns. Boutris believes it is because Gawadzinski had a close friendship with Paul Comeau, a former FAA employee who went to work for Southwest as their manager for regulatory compliance. Anything to do with Southwest and the FAA went through these two men, and Boutris believes they routinely covered up inspection irregularities or lack of inspections. Boutris continued to complain, and Southwest asked for him to be removed from their inspections. Reporter Goodwyn continues, At first, Gawadzinski refused to remove Boutris. But it wasnt long before the supervisory maintenance inspector told Boutris he was out and that his career was in jeopardy because there had been undisclosed complaints from anonymous Southwest officials (Goodwyn, 2008). At this point, Douglas Peters, another FAA inspector, were brought in to review Boutris investigation into Southwests compliance. Goodwyn notes, The more he looked into the matter, the more he agreed with Boutris that the flying public was in danger. Peters says the situation defied logic. That something so critical would be not addressed I cant explain it. Its a mystery' (Goodwyn, 2008). People from Southwest began to contact Gawadzinski directly, instead of going through Peters. Another reporter states, The whistle-blowers complained repeatedly in memos written in 2007 that their concerns about Southwest were not being taken seriously. The underlying safety concern — the airline was unable to keep up with mandatory inspections — had been raised as early as 2003, one charged (Levin, 2008). Finally, in March 2007, Southwest admitted to flying 47 737s without completing the problem fuselage inspections, which triggered a Congressional investigation. Even more disturbing, the airline continued to fly the planes even after disclosing they had not been inspected – it took almost a week to ground the planes. The two men testified before Congress in April 2008, and the FAA fined Southwest $10. 2 million for the blunders. Reporter Levin continues, Last month, nearly a year after the initial problems were discovered, the FAA levied a $10. 2 million fine against Southwest. The vast majority of the fine was imposed because Southwest had certified that it stopped flying the planes as soon as it learned of the missed inspections, FAA officials said (Levin, 2008). These are the basic facts and timeline of the case. The major overriding issue in this case is that the FAA and Southwest conspired to cover up inspection information, and they did so at passengers and crewmembers expense. The inspections were mandated because the FAA knew this particular plane had critical safety issues. By not inspecting planes and allowing them to continue flying, they were putting everyone on those planes in jeopardy, and they knew it. That is perhaps the biggest ethical concern of this case, that the company knew they had not completed checks, but continued to fly the planes anyway. One of the whistleblowers was told they did not ground the planes because it would disrupt Southwests service and flight schedule (Goodwyn, 2008). Every airline has a social responsibility to keep their passengers and crews as safe as possible. Flying is a relatively safe form of travel, however accidents do occur. Maintaining high maintenance and safety standards is simply the right thing to do in the transportation industry; it is the ethical, moral, and socially responsible choice. For an airline to lower those standards, especially because of worries about disruption of service, is simply incomprehensible. For example, the entire airline would be in jeopardy if one of the planes had crashed, and it was found to have been because of a crack that was not detected because of a missed inspection. Indeed, inspections on the aircraft did turn up cracks in some of the planes in question, cracks that had to be repaired before the airplanes took flight again (Wilber, 2008). Thus, Southwest put people in danger, and that is a major ethical violation that has not thoroughly been addressed in the media or by the airline itself. In addition, the FAA was compliant in this ethical transgression, because they allowed it to happen, calling into question the integrity of the organization that is supposed to be primarily concerned with airline safety and maintenance. If the agency doing the oversight is questionable, it brings the entire system into question. This issue should be studied further because it raises so many moral and ethical questions, and it should be studied because it seems, since there seem to be no lasting ramifications for the FAA, that it could happen again, which is even more disturbing. The stakeholders in this case are the people who fly on Southwest Airlines. Southwest damaged their reputation by letting down their stakeholders, and that is extremely disturbing. They put passenger safety in jeopardy over worries about income and disrupted flights, when their first concern should have been safety and only safety. This calls into question the entire integrity of the company. This is more than just the classical interpretation of right and wrong, it is a moral dilemma that should have had an extremely simple solution. Ground the planes, inspect them as quickly as possible, and get them back in the air. The fact that there was any other solution seen to the problem indicates just how unethical and morally irresponsible Southwest was, and the stakeholders should demand compensation for the threat this decision made to their safety. Southwest simply got lucky that one of the affected planes did not develop more serious issues, and the $10. 2 million dollar fine seems quite low in retrospect, considering the damage that could have occurred to people and property had a plane crashed. The economic responsibility of this situation is clear; Southwest had to pay a large fine and ground the planes, losing revenue anyway. Their reputation suffered, although it did not seem to make a dent in their passenger. Most people did not even seem to care that Southwest had endangered them and only a few spoke out in blogs or in other areas when the news broke. Southwest has a serious responsibility to keep its passengers and crews safe, and they lost the trust of at least some people because of their callous disregard for safety. That is a huge moral responsibility, and Southwest has never really acknowledged their failure, which is an even larger ethical concern, it seems. In a statement before Congress, Southwest CEO Gary Kelly said, Our compliance with certain specific Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) airworthiness directives has been called into question. We have committed to a thorough review and to make any changes necessary to ensure that we are in full compliance with FAA airworthiness directives and our own maintenance programs, policies, and procedures (Kelly, 2008). However, in previous testimony before Congress, Kelly and Southwest Executive Chairman Herb Kelleher both maintained that Southwest did comply with all FAA requirements, and the safety of passengers was never in question (Kelly, 2008). Thus, Southwest maintains they complied with all FAA regulations and did inspect the aircraft, only under a different maintenance directive than the one the two whistleblowers charged had not been done. It seems like a technicality, and that Southwest is not taking true moral or ethical responsibility for the incidents. They also stated that they did not think they would be fined for the maintenance issues, and it seems as if in their testimony, they were attempting to lay groundwork to fight a fine. However, they did eventually back down and stop contesting the fine, probably because they felt they looked bad enough already. Some recommendations for this case have already been completed. The FAA inspector, Gawadzinski, was transferred to another division, without contact with Southwest. Southwest placed several maintenance and safety personnel on leave, and developed new maintenance and safety guidelines. The two top executives maintain they did not know about the 2007 maintenance charges until March 2008, and as soon as they learned of them, they implemented stronger maintenance and communication directives so they would be notified and aware of any problems. These would have been at least some of the recommendations made in this case. Another would be for Southwest to undergo a major campaign to gain back the publics trust, as many people would seem to have trust issues in flying on Southwest planes. This would include a media campaign that would address trust issues, and perhaps even a campaign including top executives flying on their own planes. This would not be too costly or difficult to administer, and it would let people know that the company is actually sorry about its actions and is going to be more responsible in the future. It also seems as if the company should apologize to their stakeholders and their crewmembers, not in front of Congress, but in front of them, and with humility. Frankly, their testimony and apology to Congress sounded defensive and insincere, and a true measure of humility might be to offer anyone who flew on those planes some type of compensation or personal apology to make the situation even a little bit more palatable. Of course, that would entail a large expense, but it would make their intentions a bit more acceptable. Finally, they have to be open and above board with their maintenance issues and they have to make quite certain there is nothing questionable about any of their practices. Their maintenance and safety department must be impeccable, and it must always be open to scrutiny not only by the FAA, but by the public, as well. They owe that, at the very least, to the people that choose to fly on Southwest Airlines. In conclusion, this case indicates how deeply ethical issues can affect a business. Allowing planes to fly uninspected is a terrible disservice to the passengers and crews of this airline. It indicates a deep-seated lack of respect for the public, the employees, and the agency created to maintain air travel safety. It also indicates an arrogance that the company can flaunt the system and win. Southwest Airlines has deeper issues than maintenance and safety. It has to take a strong look at its ethics and principles, and alter them to create a more socially responsible organization that respects and values the people it serves. Without a change, the organization will certainly suffer more ethical violations in the future.

Firefighter Paper Essay Example for Free

Firefighter Paper Essay In this cynical age, firefighting remains a heroic and noble profession. The images of fire professionals we see on television and in film are often romanticized versions of day-to-day life on the job. What is the life of a firefighter really like? The Job According to a 1993 survey, annual starting salaries for firefighters in major cities fall in the range of $28,000 to $46,000 with overtime pay. Firefighters receive health, disability and retirement benefits, and many consider the work schedule beneficial as well (rotating 24-hour shifts). No two days are alike, and the work is as varied as it is unpredictable. Responding to Calls Gender and Race in the Urban Fire Service reveals what its like to enter a burning building. those entering a building are often confronted with such intense heat and heavy smoke that it is impossible for them to walk upright or to make out their surroundings. They wear face masks and air tanks to allow them to breathe, but the tanks are heavy, the time limited and the breathing process awkward. The location is almost always completely unfamiliar, filled with obstacles and unknown hazards. While the engine crew works on the ground with water to put the fire out, a truck crew ventilates the building, opening a sufficiently large hole in the roof to allow heat, smoke and gasses to escape so that the ground crew can do its work. Roof work is not only dangerous, but generally requires a high level of strength, skill and coordination. If there are possible victims, either crew may become involved in search and rescue (or body recovery), which means working ones way through this foreign environment in darkness and heat, unsure what you may find, taking care not to become trapped or disoriented. In many municipal fire departments, an increasing emphasis is placed on emergency medical services (EMS). Currently at the Oakland Fire Department, 80 percent of calls are EMS calls. In many cases a fire crew is nearer to an emergency than an ambulance or paramedic unit. Most new firefighters are also trained as emergency medical technicians, and candidates with previous paramedic experience are desirable. Not all of a firefighters workday is spent responding to calls, however, and not all calls require significant activity. Many times calls involve false alarms or situations where no emergency exists. Firefighters spend a high proportion of their time taking care of nonemergency calls, including activities such as fire inspections, practice drills, physical training, housekeeping and maintenance chores station maintenance as well as shopping and cooking. Unless youre a firefighter, no one can really understand what we do. We have a special relationship. We have to live for 24 hours together. Its not like an eight-hour day where you can put on a fake thing for eight hours and then you go home. Here, this is our home. Firehouse as Home In most urban departments, firefighters work 24-hour shifts. The schedule involves a rotation of three shifts, so that two of every three days are free. Since firefighters literally live together for 24 hours, the firehouse becomes a combination of work and home, and coworkers constitute a sort of second family. Firefighters often spend more time with crew members than with their own families. The station is fashioned like home, placed in a work setting. There are officers quarters, a dormitory-type sleeping area, a communal bathroom with showers and toilets, a big kitchen and a lounge or TV room. In most stations, meals are eaten at a large table in the kitchen. Outdoor areas may also include a barbecue, a patio or a deck. Firefighters share personal living space and eat meals together while on duty. To make things work, crewmembers must be trustworthy and participate in household chores. a good firefighter is someone who can perform not only on the fireground or at a medical emergency, but also as a good roommate or family member. Challenges Although the life of a firefighter may seem exciting and glamorous, it has many challenges. Camaraderie and strong bonds between coworkers, along with respect from grateful members of the community is extremely rewarding. However, firefighting is a physically demanding and dangerous occupation. Meeting such hazards requires certain kinds of personal and social qualities, the physical capacity to do the work, the stamina to continue strenuous activity for hours with little rest. But the work requires firefighters to think on their feet, rapidly assess the problem at hand, plan a course of action and then quickly react when conditions change. Throughout an emergency, a firefighter must maintain a constant and heightened awareness, never losing sight of the broader picture while attending to a specific task. Other challenges include a work schedule that requires nights and weekends away from home, sleep deprivation due to work schedule and anxiety and a high level of stress due to exposure to trauma and tragedy. Adventure, challenge, variety, teamwork, service, skill and satisfaction are all aspects of a firefighters life. Most firefighters claim that its the best job in the world. YOU CAN DO ANYTHING IN LIFE YOU WANT TO DO YOU JUST NEED TO HAVE THE DETERMINATION AND DRIVE TO WANT TO DO IT!!! P.S. It is the best and most rewarding job I think anyone could have. All you need is a little heart and drive to be in shape and willingness to learn the ropes of fire fighting and you would do fine. Start applying at different locations and stay out of trouble with drugs and alcohol and you won’t have a problem. Good luck with your future!

Ultra Wideband (UWB) Innovation

Ultra Wideband (UWB) Innovation Dynamic UWB is another fascinating innovation for remote correspondences. It can supplant generally bearer based radio transmission by heartbeat based transmission utilizing ultra wide band recurrence yet at a low vitality. A vital part of examination in this space is to discover a heartbeat with an ideal shape, whose force unearthly thickness regards and best fits emanation restriction cover forced by FCC. In this venture we audit regular utilized Gaussian beats and its subordinates and the impact of shape variable, discovering an ideal particular worth for every subordinate. Next, we inquiry to acquire conceivable better heartbeat shapes as straight blends of Gaussian subsidiaries. More established studies allude for one situation to the same shape component for all subsidiaries and in other case to higher variable for first subsidiary and littler shape elements for ensuing subordinates. Our new thought is to utilize Gaussian subordinates, each with its particular ideal shape Variable and to utilize an experimentation calculation to acquire a straight blend beat with better execution. Overview of UWB innovation Ultra wideband (UWB) innovation is right now being examined as a promising answer for transfer speed, expense, power utilization, and physical size prerequisites of the cutting edge short range remote correspondences frameworks. As a rule, it is characterized as any remote transmission conspire in which the fragmentary data transfer capacity is more noteworthy than 0.25 or the data transmission (as characterized by the -10 dB focuses) possesses 1500 MHz or a greater amount of the range. The fragmentary transmission capacity is characterized as B_f=2 (f_h-f_l)/(f_h+f_l ) †¦ ( 1.1) Where f_haref_lare the upper and lower -10 dB emanation purposes of the sign range, separately. The inside recurrence of the transmission is characterized as the normal of the upper and bring down 10 dB focuses, i.e. à £Ã¢â€š ¬-(fà £Ã¢â€š ¬-_h+f_l)/2. Not at all like ordinary remote correspondences frameworks, UWB frameworks transmit data utilizing tight time-span (regularly a couple of several picoseconds to a couple of nanoseconds) heartbeats that spread the vitality from close DC to a couple giga hertz without utilizing a recurrence transporter. On February 14, 2002, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) determined that the UWB frameworks must work with their -10 dB data transfer capacity inside of the recurrence [3.1-10.6] GHz for indoor correspondences and their -20 dB transmission capacity inside of the [3.1-10.6] GHz range for outside interchanges. The wide range permits gadgets to get high information rate. The FCC likewise forced strict show power limitations on UWB. The transmitted force range thickness (PSD) is restricted to -41dBm/MHz taking after the regulation, UWB gadgets can make utilization of a to a great degree wide recurrence band (7.5 gigahertz) while not emanating a lot of vitality. Consequently, obstruction with existing remote gadgets can be minimized. The low vitality thickness in range additionally gets a Low Probability of Detection (LPD) trademark, which is noteworthy for both military and business applications. Since UWB is a bearer less strategy, the framework unpredictability and expense will be extraordinarily lessened. UWB frameworks can be made about all-computerized, with neg ligible RF or microwave hardware. This element dodges impedance with existing administrations, while completely using the accessible range. With the attributes of wide transmission capacity, low power, minimal effort, and high information rates at constrained extent, UWB is a promising possibility for future short range remote interchanges. A brief history of UWB Ultra wideband (UWB) radio is the current rebirth of an exceptionally old sort of Communication. The primary cross-Atlantic remote transmission by Guglielmo Marconi utilized flash attachment transmitters that can be considered as motivation based UWB transmission. The cutting edge period in UWB began in the mid 1960s from work in time space electromagnetic to depict the transient conduct of a certain class  of microwave systems through their trademark drive reaction. The developments in UWB improvement are the appearance of the testing oscilloscope by  both Tektronix and Hewlett-Packard in the mid 1960s and the achievement of systems for sub-nanosecond beat era, that is, giving suitable close estimations to a motivation excitation, the drive reaction of microwave systems could be specifically watched and measured. In 1972, Ross at Sperry Rand Corporation designed a delicate baseband beat recipient that replaces the inspecting oscilloscope which prompted the initially licensed out line of a UWB correspondences framework. In the meantime, broad examination was led in the previous Soviet Union. In the mid 1970s the essential outlines for UWB frameworks got to be accessible. Both radar and correspondence frameworks could be built by fundamental parts, for example, heartbeat train generators, heartbeat train modulators, exchanging heartbeat train generators, identification beneficiaries and wideband recieving wires. The primary ground-infiltrating radar in light of UWB was popularized in 1974 by Morey at the Geophysical Survey Systems Corporation. Through the 1980s, this innovation was alluded to as baseband, bearer free or drive radio. The expression ultra wideband was not utilized until 1989 by the U.S. Division of Defense. From that point forward, with the progression in equipment outline, UWB innovation has been utilized as a part of numerous applications, for example, correspondences, and altimetry. Inside of the scholastic connection, Professor Scholtz and his gathering in the University of Southern California spearheaded UWB examinations since the mid 1990s. In1993, Scholtz distributed a historic point paper that exhibited a numerous entrance procedure for UWB correspondence frameworks. This strategy apportions every client a novel spreading code that decides particular examples in time when the client is permitted to transmit. This permits UWB to backing not just radar and point To point correspondences, additionally remote systems. Being a promisingi possibility for remote systems, more iresearchers started to examine on UWB in the late 1990s and mid 2000s. These studies incorporate heartbeat shape outline, various access plans, channel imodel investigation, radio wire reaction portrayal, and transmitter and ireceiver plan in UWB frameworks. In the meantime, there has been a quick iexpansion of the quantity of organizations and government offices included in iUWB, which incorporate Multispectral Solutions, Time Domain, Aether Wire, and iFantasma Networks. These organizations and the FCC, National iTelecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and Defense iAdvanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), have spent numerous years iinvestigating the impact of UWB emanations on existing inarrowband frameworks. UWB favorable circumstances There are a few favorable circumstances in UWB itechnology contrasted with customary remote advances. The 802.15.3 physical layer paradigm irequires outlines to accomplish 110 Mb/s for a collector at a separation of 10m iand 200Mb/sat 4 m, with choices for showing marketability to higher rates of up ito 480 Mb/s at separations under 4 m. The rule for the high information rate is ibased on the Shannon channel limit Hypothesis, iwhich is given by C=W-log_2 (1+SNR) ..†¦ .(1.2) where C is most extreme channel limit, W is channel transmission capacity, and SNR is signal  to clamor power proportion in Gaussian Channel. Shannons mathematical statement shows that channel limit becomes directly with the transmission capacity. However, it obliges exponential increments in energy to accomplish the same result if the transmission capacity and clamor level is altered. Those achievable rates for UWB and two other short-extend remote systems administration advances strikingly the 802.11a in the Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (UNII) radio band (5 GHz) which is isolated into three sub-groups, and Bluetooth in the 2.4 GHz modern, exploratory and medical(ISM) radio groups are demonstrated. We can see that UWB gives much higher potential connection rates than alternate remote advancements at shorter separations (ordinarily less than10m). The photo demonstrates that UWB innovation is most suitable for short-go (under 10m) applications. Long range adaptability can be served by WLAN applications for correspondence connection plan, two measurements are much of the time utilized; to be specific, trans mission capacity effectiveness, which is measured in b/s/Hz and spatial limit, which is given by b/s/m2 that catches the accumulated information power in time and space. As indicated by the accompanying illustration we can plainly see the upsides of UWB over different advancements. The 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band contains 80 MHz of usable range which infers that three 22 MHz IEEE 802.11b frameworks can work on a non-meddling premise. Every framework can give a top rate of 11 Mb/s to accomplish an aggregate accumulated pace of 33 Mb/s. For a working scope of 100 m, this yields a spatial limit of give or take 1 Kb/s/m2. Bluetooth in its low-control mode can achieve 10 m go and can accomplish a crest rate of 1 Mb/s. Studies have demonstrated that Pretty nearly ten Bluetooth groups can work all the while inside of this reach with negligible corruption. This yields a total pace of 10 Mb/s and a spatial Limit of Approximately 30 Kb/s/m2. UWB frameworks are intended for 110Mb/s at 10 m range with four assembled bunches, which yields a spatial limit of around 1.3 Mb/s/m2. Consequently, the information power UWB can conceivably backing is a few requests of extent bigger than those of the current WLANs/WPANs. In this way, UWB speaks to a tradeoff between lower phantom effectiveness for expanded force proficiency to accomplish a given rate/reach working point with constrained transmitting force. In conventional UWB frameworks, the expansive data transfer capacity was accomplished by utilizing extremely slender time-term baseband beats

The Structure of Wholeness :: Ontology Atoms Papers

The Structure of Wholeness Using a part-whole-calculus the vague concept of wholeness is rendered precisely as the structure of an atomic boolean lattice. The so-defined prototypical structure of wholeness has the status of a category, since every element of our experience may be considered as an intended application of it. This will be illustrated using examples from different ontological spheres. The hypothetical and therefore fallible character of the structure is shown in its inadequacy in grasping quantum logical facts. This demands a differentiation of wholeness. The defined structure may be seen as circular in two respects: On the one hand it is the precondition for the understanding of its own syntactic and semantic basics, on the other hand there exists a mutual defineability between its atoms, which leads us to the thesis that wholeness cannot be defined in a non-circular manner. Introduction In this paper I attempt both to explicate the popular, but vague notion of wholeness and to point out its meaning for ontology. To begin with, I’ll give a brief survey of the essentials: In accord with an elementary intuition of ‘wholeness’ I introduce an implicit axiomatic definition of its structure, which proves to be a familiar Boolean-lattice. This internal view of the concept of wholeness is followed by a more philosophical external view, which looks at the structure in its context. It will be shown that the structure corresponds to the criteria of an ontological category, namely consistence, adequacy, content and coherence, so that we are justified in speaking of the ‘category of wholeness’. This feature leads to some interesting results: As a consequence of the adequacy of a category the structure turns out to be a model on its own. The self-application leads on the level of the axioms to the boolean lattice of all substructures and on the lev el of the terms of axioms to semantical boolean lattices, which may seen as basic units for the whole language. Thus the understanding of the structure of ‘wholeness’ takes for granted that there is a pre-understanding of the very same. Furthermore, there is another kind of circular understanding on the level of the atoms of the structure, because there exists a mutual defineability between the atoms, which cannot be eliminated without leaving the wholeness. But even if we try to leave it, we enter another wholeness, so that circularity is inevitable in the end. A. Intuition First of all, let me describe the leading intuition of ‘wholeness’.

How Minority Students Struggle in College Essays -- Personal Narrative

How Minority Students Struggle in College In the lives of minority students, education is seen as essential. It’s a dream, one that we are still trying to interpret. If we know nothing else, we know that education is important because it determines the future one is going to have. The major problem is that the education of minority students before college is poor. This deficiency causes great conflict for minority students in adapting themselves to new educational habits. Lack of good study skills makes it difficult for a minority student to control one’s time management and concentration. While these students are trying to change their study habits, there is another variable that could help or distract them from fixing their weaknesses. It is true that parents and professors do have an influence upon us. These people play a big part in the education of students, but the impact of their persuasion is not always positive. Despite all the struggles that a minority student faces, I believe people in this group can find the secret to becoming educated and successful individuals. Education is exceptionally significant for a minority student. A minority student faces economic issues with his or her lower class status. There is very little money. A minority student comes from a home in which parents have a low level of education. There are not many books around while growing up. A desire to change their economic and cultural position makes education their first priority as a goal they have to reach. Life’s circumstances did not give their parents the chance to go to school. Minority students have seen first-hand how hard it is to live throughout their lives without education. These students believe that if they ed... ...an the upper class students. As a minority student, I advise that we should not let anyone put us down. That is the secret. With or without support, we should keep in mind our goal of becoming professionals in our field of study. If our interest in school is interrupted, we must maintain our deepest reasons for attending college. Looking back and reminding ourselves of our goals will help us to get back on track. College is a race that many of us are competing to win, but we are starting off behind. Minority students should keep on fighting to catch up. It is a complicated battle that consists of personal ambition, educational desire, and inner persistence. If we keep on struggling to become better individuals, we can hopefully someday free ourselves and take off these uneducated and minority labels from our backs and become part of the educated majority.